GOVERNING LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

Abstract

The general laws governing thermodynamic processes and phenomena are recapitulated and completed with new results of kinetic thermodynamics (`\textit Thermo-kinetics´). The treatise consists of three parts. The first one is a recapitulatory of the properties of the fundamental participants of equilibrated macroscopic systems: the densities (C) of the conservative entities (energy, mass) and the set of potentials (F), the equations of state, force laws, cross symmetries, the product-sum of C and F and their differentials. The second part deals with the basic thermodynamic processes, absolute (j) and net fluxes, dynamic force laws, time reversal and cross symmetries, the product-sum of j and F, their various (exact, non-exact, second) differentials. The third part is the story of the inequalities, the `arrows´: the Second Law, force arrows and time arrows. The origins of time changes, the evolution toward equilibrium or non-equilibrium steady states. All relations and laws are positioned into a general system of the three basic entities (C, F, j), the three products (C\cdot F, j \cdot F and C\cdot j), and the three levels of their spatial and/or time-derivatives. Some conventional formulations are modified or generalised. The treatise does not extend over material systems without temperature, nonlinear chemical reactions and instabilities far from equilibrium.