Co-Crystals of Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Enhancement of Physiochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Co-crystal of anti-diabetic drugs promotes enhanced drug solubility, which significantly improves the bioavailability, results in better management of disease. Conventional forms of drugs available for managing diabetes exhibits low solubility and stability, therefore frequent dosing required to maintain the blood levels. Due to sustained and progressive course of diabetes, co-crystallization approach is promising in terms of improving aqueous solubility with higher bioavailability and reduced dosage schedule. This review article will provide comprehensive information about anti-diabetic drug co-crystals, drug-drug co-crystals along with some herbal active components which when combined with anti-diabetic drugs show remarkable synergistic effects. In addition, Specific drug co-crystals cases are discussed to illustrate the enhancement in performance due to formation of hydrogen bonding in co-crystal structure. Apart from this, latest developments in clinical trials and patent landscapes are also mentioned in this article. This review provides a compiled data on anti-diabetic co-crystals till date, their preparation techniques along with the valuable outcomes. Further, critical insight to facilitate the industrial production, advanced technological methods such as microfluidic crystallization process can execute high-throughput analysis of drug and co-former combination with minimum consumption of sample. Continuous-flow microfluidic system could hold up scalable manufacturing of co-crystals while their uniformity remains intact.