Tsunami-proof design

Abstract

Buildings constructed according to local seismic codes have shown excellent seismic-proof characteristics; however, tsunami-proof design codes and concepts are not yet systematic. Scientists and engineers around the world have performed extensive research and experiments in the field (especially following the devastating tsunami that occurred in the Indian Ocean on Dec 26 2004). Japan, which is located in a high-risk zone of seismic and tsunami activity, has taken considerable measures and incurred high costs to ensure that the nation´s ports are tsunami-proof and that the people living near the sea are protected by appropriate constructions and a tsunami alert system. These measures performed well in the March 11^th tsunami; yet, the casualties and structural damage were still significant. Tsunami mechanical analyses (load models and structure response models) must be quantified and codified in the design of coastal homes near tsunami and seismic zones to save lives and avoid severe structural damage. Extens ive seismic design experience is critical. The paper discusses possible rules of tsunami-resistant design concepts by analyzing homes damaged by tsunamis, experiments undertaken by well-known civil engineering groups, and current structural design codes.