Estimation of Energy Consumption in Battery-electric Motorcycles Using a Virtual Vehicle Model and the Development of a Customized Measurement System

Abstract

The paper addresses the development of a virtual vehicle model for an electric motorcycle and the design and implementation of a universal measurement system. By integrating the measurement system with the virtual model, accurate estimation of energy consumption data can be achieved in the future. Currently, in Europe, emission standards and other regulations are predominantly focused on passenger cars due to their higher numbers. However, on a global scale, the energy consumption of motorcycles, along with their range and usability, must also be addressed, as they serve as primary means of transportation in many regions. Furthermore, in Europe and other developed countries, replacing traditional internal combustion engine motorcycles with efficient electric motorcycles could significantly reduce harmful emissions in urban areas.
The research began with the design of the virtual vehicle model and the measurement system and concluded with the validation of the measurement system. It was established that a universally applicable, low-cost measurement system can be developed, requiring minimal modifications for installation, which allows for the measurement of real-world energy consumption and the necessary drivetrain data. Additionally, it is important to highlight that a virtual vehicle model requiring low computational power can be developed, providing sufficiently accurate predictions of energy consumption.