Enhancing Road Safety in Mountainous Regions: Risk Assessment and Improvement Strategies

Abstract

The goal of zero road fatalities is a global issue. The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020 has successfully reduced road traffic fatalities through global awareness campaigns, aiming to halve road traffic fatalities by 2030. Road safety strategies also support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Factors influencing crashes include road design, traffic behavior, vehicles, and the environment. On the other hand, the number of crashes in mountainous tourist areas is still very high. This study examines road safety conditions in mountainous regions, focusing on three roads leading to Mount Bromo, East Java, Indonesia. Using the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP), the study evaluates road infrastructure based on crash risk, providing targeted improvement strategies for each road section. The study reveals a high crash frequency on the Lumbang, Sukapura, and Bromo roads, highlighting significant deficiencies in road geometry, signage, and pedestrian facilities. Applying a risk analysis methodology, the study identifies critical areas requiring immediate intervention and categorizes risk levels from "No Hazard" to "Very Hazardous." The findings highlight the need for increased lane widths, improved shoulder areas, better signage, and pedestrian safety measures. Tailored recommendations for each road segment from the road section include road widening, land access controls, traffic signage, and improved street lighting. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers in developing countries, contributing to improved road safety in mountainous and rural areas. The study concludes by urging a proactive approach to road safety, integrating engineering solutions with sustainable practices to reduce crashes and fatalities.