Aerodynamic Design and CFD-based Performance Analysis of UAV Wing Ailerons

Abstract

The aerodynamic efficiency of wing control surfaces is critical in optimizing aircraft performance. This study focuses on the aerodynamic design of ailerons adhering to military standards (MIL-STD-1797) to enhance their efficiency using hybrid analytical-empirical approach. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based analyses of flow characteristics, aerodynamic forces, and efficiency were conducted to identify optimal aileron configurations. Variations in deflection angles were evaluated based on aircraft classes, flight phases, acceptance criteria, inboard and outboard positions, and wing effectiveness. The SST k-omega turbulence model was selected to improve accuracy in predicting transitional flows around the aileron. Results indicate that the optimal configuration includes an aileron length of 26.1% of the wingspan, a width of 20% of the wing chord, and a maximum deflection angle of 20 degrees with the Cl/Cd value is approximately 3.92. Also, the optimal position at 68.9% of the wing inboard, and 95% of the wing outboard.